会计英语:无形资产原创
金蝶云社区-时光巷陌
时光巷陌
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本文介绍了无形资产的定义、类型、初始计量、后续计量及处置。无形资产指企业拥有或控制的无物质形态的可辨认非货币资产,包括商标权、专利权等。初始计量涉及外购和自创无形资产,自创品牌通常不计入无形资产。后续计量考虑使用寿命、摊销和减值测试。处置时,根据是否实现收益或损失进行会计处理。

       1.Intangible assets无形资产 企业拥有或控制的没有实物形态的可辨认非货币资产。
  Identifiable non-monetary assets without physical substance, owned or controlled by the entity.
  强调两点:
  identifiability: 可辨认性
  (without) physical substance: 物质形态
  (1)(without)physical substance: (不具有)物质形态
  intangible adj. 触摸不到的、无形 c.f. tangible assets有形资产
  有时候英文中也用intangibles 表示无形资产。
  (2)identifiability: 可辨认性
  intangibleassets: identifiable
  *goodwill商誉:unidentifiable separately(不可辨认)


  2.Type of intangible assets 无形资产的具体形式
  trade mark 商标权
  patent 专利权
  brand name 品牌
  intellectual property(IP)知识产权
  copyright著作权
  franchise 特许权
  license 执照,许可证
  computersoftware计算机软件
  research and development(R&D)研究开发


  3.Initial recognition of intangible assets无形资产的初始计量:
  · purchased intangible assets:外购无形资产
  purchase v. 买,购买
  · internally generated intangible assets:自创的无形资产
  internally—internal adj. 内部的
  generated:adj.形成的,被创造的
  Lecture example 1:
  Company A purchased a patent for the design of a TV set on 3 January at a cost of ¥20,000. This patent (based on its technology) is estimated(估计) to have a useful life of 5 years.
  *从题目中提炼出重要的信息Patent: cost—¥20,000; useful life—5 years

  Dr Intangible assets—patent 20,000
  Cr Bank deposit 20,000
  借: 无形资产—专利权  20,000
    贷: 银行存款      20,000
  Lecture example 2:
  Company A also has an internally generated(自创的) brand name with an estimated fair value of ¥500,000.
  注意:自创的品牌不作为企业的无形资产核算。


  4. Measurement after recognition无形资产的后续计量

  在有关无形资产的题目中,可能还会涉及到用英文处理无形资产的后续计量。无形资产的后续计量主要是牵扯到资产的使用寿命(useful life)、摊销、减值测试等问题。这就需要我们明白下面一组单词的含义,以便更好的判断是否对无形资产进行摊销或减值测试。
  · amortization n. 摊销 amortize (amortise) v. 摊销 c.f. depreciate 折旧
  e.g. The intangible asset is to be amortized over five years.
  · useful life 使用寿命
  ① intangibles with finite(有限的)useful life 使用寿命有限
  —amortized over the useful life 在使用寿命内进行摊销
  ② intangibles with indefinite useful life 使用寿命不确定
  —not to be amortized and be tested for asset impairment 不摊销而进行资产减值测试
  c.f. indefinite不确定的 infinite无限的 definite确定的
  Lecture example 3
  Company A purchased a patent for the design of a kind of TV set on 3 January at a cost of ¥20,000. This patent (based on its technology) is estimated to have a useful life of 5 years.
  A公司于1月3日以人民币2万元购买了一个电视的设计专利权,该专利权的使用寿命为5年。

  Dr management expense—Amortization expense ¥4,000
  Cr Accumulated amortization—patent ¥4,000
  Lecture example 4
  Company A purchased a register trade mark(注册商标) for ¥300,000. The trademark can be renewed(更新) indefinitely subject to continued use.
  初始计量: Dr Intangible assets—trade mark ¥300,000
  Cr Bank deposit ¥300,000
  后续计量:impairment test for each accounting period(每一会计期间进行减值测试)

  5. the disposal of intangible assets 无形资产的处置
  · When the intangible assets are saled当无形资产被售出时
  借:银行存款
    无形资产减值准备
    累计摊销
    营业外支出——处置非流动资产损失 (出售实现损失时)
    贷:无形资产
      营业外收入——处置非流动资产利得收益 (出售实现收益时)
  Dr. Bank deposit
  Provision for the decline in value of intangible assets
  Accumulated amortization
  Non-operating expense—loss on disposal of non-current assets(when loss occurs)
  Cr. Intangible assets
  Non-operating revenue—gain on disposal of non-current assets(when gain occurs)
  ·当无形资产预期不能为企业带来经济利益时,应当将该无形资产的账面价值予以转销,其账面价值当作当期损益。
  借:营业外支出
    累计摊销
    无形资产减值准备
    贷:无形资产
  Dr. non-operating expense
  Accumulated amortization
  Provision for the decline in value of intangible assets
  Cr. Intangible assets


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